Makhalidwe a wowuma wa tirigu, njira zopangira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala

Tirigu ndi imodzi mwa mbewu zofunika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a anthu padziko lapansi amadalira tirigu monga chakudya chawo chachikulu. Ntchito yaikulu ya tirigu ndi kupanga chakudya ndi kukonza wowuma. M’zaka zaposachedwapa, ulimi wa m’dziko langa wakula mofulumira, koma ndalama zimene alimi amapeza zimakula pang’onopang’ono, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mbewu za alimi kwatsika. Choncho, kufunafuna njira yopezera tirigu wa dziko langa, kuchulukitsa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka tirigu, ndi kukweza mitengo ya tirigu kwakhala nkhani yaikulu pakusintha kwaulimi kwa dziko langa komanso kukhudza chitukuko chokhazikika komanso chogwirizana cha chuma cha dziko.
Chigawo chachikulu cha tirigu ndi wowuma, womwe umakhala pafupifupi 75% ya kulemera kwa tirigu wa tirigu ndipo ndi gawo lalikulu la endosperm ya tirigu. Poyerekeza ndi zopangira zina, wowuma wa tirigu ali ndi zinthu zambiri zapamwamba, monga kutsika kwamatenthedwe amatenthedwe komanso kutentha kwa gelatinization. Njira yopangira, katundu wakuthupi ndi mankhwala, ntchito zopangira zowuma za tirigu, komanso ubale pakati pa wowuma wa tirigu ndi mtundu wa tirigu zaphunziridwa kwambiri kunyumba ndi kunja. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mwachidule makhalidwe a wowuma wa tirigu, kulekanitsa ndi ukadaulo wochotsa, komanso kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka wowuma ndi gilateni.

1. Makhalidwe a wowuma wa tirigu
Wowuma zili mu njere dongosolo la tirigu nkhani 58% mpaka 76%, makamaka mu mawonekedwe a wowuma granules mu endosperm maselo a tirigu, ndi wowuma zili mu ufa wa tirigu nkhani pafupifupi 70%. Ambiri mwa ma granules owuma ndi ozungulira komanso ozungulira, ndipo ochepa amakhala osakhazikika. Malinga ndi kukula kwa wowuma granules, wowuma tirigu akhoza kugawidwa mu lalikulu-granule wowuma ndi yaing'ono-granule wowuma. Ma granules akuluakulu okhala ndi mainchesi 25 mpaka 35 μm amatchedwa A starch, omwe amawerengera pafupifupi 93.12% ya kulemera kowuma kwa wowuma wa tirigu; ma granules ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi mainchesi 2 mpaka 8 μm amatchedwa B wowuma, omwe amawerengera pafupifupi 6.8% ya kulemera kowuma kwa wowuma wa tirigu. Anthu ena amagawanso ma granules a wowuma wa tirigu m'magulu atatu amitundu molingana ndi kukula kwake: mtundu A (10 mpaka 40 μm), mtundu B (1 mpaka 10 μm) ndi mtundu C (<1 μm), koma mtundu C nthawi zambiri umadziwika kuti mtundu B. Ponena za kapangidwe ka maselo, wowuma wa tirigu amapangidwa ndi amylose ndi amylopectin. Amylopectin makamaka amakhala kunja kwa wowuma wa tirigu granules, pamene amylose makamaka ali mkati mwa tirigu wowuma granules. Amylose amawerengera 22% mpaka 26% ya owuma onse, ndipo amylopectin amawerengera 74% mpaka 78% ya owuma onse. Phala la Wheat wowuma lili ndi mawonekedwe a viscosity otsika komanso kutentha kwa gelatinization. Kukhazikika kwamafuta a viscosity pambuyo pa gelatinization ndikwabwino. The mamasukidwe akayendedwe amachepetsa pang'ono pambuyo Kutentha kwa nthawi yaitali ndi kusonkhezera. Mphamvu ya gel osakaniza pambuyo yozizira ndi mkulu.

2. Njira yopangira wowuma wa tirigu

Pakadali pano, mafakitale ambiri owuma tirigu m'dziko langa amagwiritsa ntchito njira ya Martin yopanga, ndipo zida zake zazikulu ndi makina a gluteni, chophimba cha gluten, zida zowumitsa za gluten, ndi zina zambiri.

Gluten dryer airflow collision vortex flash dryer ndi zida zowumitsa zopulumutsa mphamvu. Imagwiritsa ntchito malasha ngati mafuta, ndipo mpweya wozizira umadutsa mu boiler ndikukhala mpweya wotentha wouma. Izo wothira omwazika zipangizo mu zipangizo mu dziko inaimitsidwa, kuti mpweya ndi olimba magawo kuyenda patsogolo pa mkulu liwiro wachibale, ndi pa nthawi yomweyo nthunzi madzi kukwaniritsa cholinga cha kuyanika zinthu.

3. Kugwiritsa ntchito wowuma wa tirigu

Wowuma wa tirigu amapangidwa kuchokera ku ufa wa tirigu. Monga tonse tikudziwa, dziko langa lili ndi tirigu wochuluka, ndipo zopangira zake ndi zokwanira, ndipo zimatha kupangidwa chaka chonse.

Wowuma wa tirigu ali ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga vermicelli ndi zomangira za mpunga za mpunga, ndipo imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri m'minda yamankhwala, mafakitale amankhwala, kupanga mapepala, ndi zina zambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mochulukira m'mafakitale a Zakudyazi ndi zodzoladzola. Wowuma wa tirigu wothandizira - gluten, amatha kupangidwa kukhala zakudya zosiyanasiyana, komanso akhoza kupangidwa kukhala soseji zamzitini zamasamba zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja. Ngati zouma mu ufa wa gilateni, ndizosavuta kuzisunga komanso ndizomwe zimapangidwa ndimakampani azakudya ndi chakudya.